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@ -38,9 +38,10 @@
<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ notes</h3>
<div class="box">
<p>jo is not the same as english's general to have</p>
<p>"i have a lot of work" is not "mi jo e pali mute"</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">i have a lot of work</p>
<p class="sentence">
i <span class="preverb">have</span> a lot of work
</p>
<p>~ mi wile pali mute</p>
</div>
</div>
@ -52,28 +53,45 @@
open-ended one
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ verb ala verb</h3>
<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ word ala word</h3>
<div class="box box-top">
<p>
to ask yes or no questions, you repeat the first word in the predicate
or preverb by saying <em>word ala word</em>
to ask yes or no questions, you repeat the first <i>word</i> in the
predicate or preverb by saying <i>word ala word</i>
</p>
<p>
to answer a question like this you repeat the word for yes, and say ala
or word ala for no.
to answer a question like this you repeat the <i>word</i> for yes, and
say <i>ala</i> or <i>word ala</i> for no.
</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">sina wile ala wile pali?</p>
<p class="sentence">
sina <span class="preverb">wile ala wile</span> pali?
</p>
<p>~ do you want to work?</p>
<p class="sentence">wile / ala</p>
<p>~ yes / no</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">jan ni li suwi ala suwi tawa sina?</p>
<p class="sentence">
jan ni li <span class="predicate">suwi ala suwi</span> tawa sina?
</p>
<p>~ is this person cute in your opinion?</p>
<p class="sentence">suwi / suwi ala</p>
<p>~ yes / no</p>
</div>
<p>
it can also be possible to use the <i>word ala word</i> method on other
parts of speech than the preverb or predicate. this is sometimes done
for emphasis.
</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">sina ala sina</span> moku e moku mi?
</p>
<p>~ did <em>you</em> eat my food?</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ anu seme?</h3>
@ -115,21 +133,28 @@
to replace the word seme with the answer.
</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">sina seme?</p>
<p class="sentence">sina <span class="predicate">seme?</span></p>
<p>~ what are you doing? / who are you?</p>
<p class="sentence">mi pakala e ijo / mi soweli Tesa</p>
<p class="sentence">
mi <span class="predicate">pakala e ijo</span> / mi
<span class="predicate">soweli Tesa</span>
</p>
<p>~ i break things / i'm tess</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">seme li lon supa?</p>
<p class="sentence"><span class="subject">seme</span> li lon supa?</p>
<p>~ what's on the table?</p>
<p class="sentence">len jaki</p>
<p class="sentence"><span class="subject">len jaki</span></p>
<p>~ dirty clothes</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">soweli Sijala li lon seme?</p>
<p class="sentence">
soweli Sijala li lon <span class="prep-phrase">seme</span>
</p>
<p>~ where is tiara?</p>
<p class="sentence">ona li lon insa pi poki kala!</p>
<p class="sentence">
ona li lon <span class="prep-phrase">insa pi poki kala</span>
</p>
<p>~ she is inside the aquarium!</p>
</div>
</div>

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@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
<div class="box box-top">
<p>
the particle anu isn't defined very well.
<span class="sentence">lipu pu</span> documents it barely, and many
other courses gloss over really trying to explain anu.
<i>lipu pu</i> documents it barely, and many other courses gloss over
really trying to explain anu.
</p>
<p>i'm gonna do my best to give a good explanation</p>
</div>
@ -48,7 +48,9 @@
<p>
anu is a conjunction meaning "or", both inclusive and exclusive. it
works a lot like how li and e work, but instead of defining a new part
of speech, it defines an or to the current part of speech.
of speech, it adds alternatives to the current part of speech. when you
add anu, you're saying that either one (or perhaps both) of these things
could be.
</p>
</div>
@ -56,25 +58,33 @@
<div class="box box-top">
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
ona <span class="predicate">li</span> jan
<span class="predicate">anu</span> soweli
</p>
<p>~ they're a person or a dog</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
waso li ken tawa <span class="prep">lon</span> ma
<span class="prep">anu</span> sewi
ona li <span class="predicate">jan</span> anu
<span class="predicate">soweli</span>
</p>
<p>
~ birds can move on the ground <span class="prep">or</span> in the sky
~ they're <span class="predicate">a person</span> or
<span class="predicate">a dog</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
kasi <span class="subject">anu</span> suwi li ken moku
waso li ken tawa lon <span class="prep-phrase">ma</span> anu
<span class="prep-phrase">sewi</span>
</p>
<p>
~ birds can move on <span class="prep-phrase">the ground</span> or
<span class="prep-phrase">in the sky</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">kasi</span> anu
<span class="subject">suwi</span> li ken moku
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="subject">plants</span> or
<span class="subject">sweets</span> can be food
</p>
<p>~ plants <span class="subject">or</span> sweets can be food</p>
</div>
</div>

6
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@ -104,12 +104,6 @@
<summary>mi lukin pali e ilo pona</summary>
<p>i try to build good tools</p>
</details>
<div class="indent">
<details>
<summary>hint</summary>
<p>lukin is a preverb meaning "to try to"</p>
</details>
</div>
<details>
<summary>ona li wile moku e pipi</summary>

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@ -54,16 +54,28 @@
first phrase.
</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">ijo pona mute</p>
<p>~ many good things</p>
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">ijo</span> <span class="predicate">pona</span>
<span class="object">mute</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="object">many</span>
<span class="predicate">good</span> <span class="subject">many</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">ijo pi pona mute</p>
<p>~ very good thing</p>
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">ijo</span> pi <span class="subject">pona</span>
<span class="predicate">mute</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="predicate">very</span>
<span class="subject">good</span> <span class="subject">thing</span>
</p>
</div>
<p>
in the first example, <em>mute</em> modifies <em>ijo pona</em>, while in
the second example, <em>pona mute</em> modifies <em>ijo</em>
in the first example, <i>mute</i> modifies <i>ijo pona</i>, while in the
second example, <i>pona mute</i> modifies <i>ijo</i>
</p>
</div>
@ -79,16 +91,37 @@
<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ examples</h3>
<div class="box">
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">mi toki e ijo pi pona mute</p>
<p>~ i talk about very good things</p>
<p class="sentence">
mi toki e <span class="subject">ijo</span> pi
<span class="subject">pona</span> <span class="predicate">mute</span>
</p>
<p>
~ i talk about <span class="predicate">very</span>
<span class="subject">good</span> <span class="subject">things</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">mi toki e ijo pona mute</p>
<p>~ i talk about many good things</p>
<p class="sentence">
mi toki e <span class="subject">ijo</span>
<span class="predicate">pona</span> <span class="object">mute</span>
</p>
<p>
~ i talk about <span class="object">many</span>
<span class="predicate">good</span>
<span class="subject">things</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">mi toki e ijo mute pi pona mute</p>
<p>~ i talk about many very good things</p>
<p class="sentence">
mi toki e <span class="subject">ijo</span>
<span class="predicate">mute</span> pi
<span class="subject">pona</span> <span class="predicate">mute</span>
</p>
<p>
~ i talk about <span class="predicate">many</span>
<span class="predicate"></span> <span class="subject">good</span>
<span class="subject">good</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
@ -158,8 +191,8 @@
</details>
<details>
<summary>the bugs built a little bug cemetery</summary>
<p>pipi li pali e tomo lili pi pipi moli</p>
<summary>the bugs built a library for books about bugs</summary>
<p>pipi li pali e tomo pi lipu pipi</p>
</details>
<details>

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@ -54,12 +54,12 @@
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">mi</span> <span class="predicate">pali</span>
mi pali
<span class="prep">lon</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">tomo moku</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="subject">i</span> <span class="predicate">work</span>
~ i work
<span class="prep">at</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">a restaurant</span>
</p>
@ -67,24 +67,18 @@
<p>the preposition can also be the predicate</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">ona</span> li <span class="prep">lon</span>
ona li <span class="prep">lon</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">tomo mi</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="subject">they</span> <span class="prep">are at</span>
~ they <span class="prep">are at</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">my house</span>
</p>
</div>
<p>prepositions can also be used as regular words</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">tawa sina</span> li
<span class="predicate">musi</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="subject">your movements</span>
<span class="predicate">are amusing</span>
</p>
<p class="sentence">tawa sina li musi</p>
<p>~ your movements are amusing</p>
</div>
</div>
@ -92,44 +86,39 @@
<div class="box">
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">mani mute</span> li
mani mute li
<span class="prep">lon</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">tomo mani</span>
</p>
<p>~ there's lots of money at the bank</p>
<p>
~ there's lots of money <span class="prep">at</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">the bank</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">jan</span> li <span class="prep">tawa</span>
jan li <span class="prep">tawa</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">tomo sina</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="subject">a person</span>
<span class="prep">comes over to</span>
~ a person
<span class="prep">goes to</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">your house</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">mi</span> <span class="predicate">pali</span> e
<span class="object">ijo mute</span>
mi pali e ijo mute
<span class="prep">kepeken</span> <span class="prep-phrase">ilo</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="sentence">i</span> <span class="predicate">make</span>
<span class="object">lots of things</span>
~ i make lots of things
<span class="prep">with</span> <span class="prep-phrase">tools</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">
<span class="subject">mi</span> <span class="predicate">tawa</span> e
<span class="object">tomo sina</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="subject">i</span> <span class="predicate">move</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">your house</span>
</p>
<p class="sentence">mi tawa e tomo sina</p>
<p>~ i move your house</p>
</div>
</div>

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@ -46,8 +46,15 @@
<p>to express relative location, use the locative words.</p>
<p>you can combine them with the preposition lon to say "at (place)</p>
<div class="quote">
<p class="sentence">lon sewi</p>
<p>~ up, above, in the sky</p>
<p class="sentence">
(...) <span class="prep">lon</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">sewi</span>
</p>
<p>
~ <span class="prep-phrase">up</span> /
<span class="prep-phrase">above</span> / <span class="prep">in</span>
<span class="prep-phrase">the sky</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ examples</h3>
@ -102,7 +109,7 @@
<p class="sentence">
waso li tawa sewi lon <span class="prep-phrase">tenpo ale</span>
</p>
<p>~ birds <span class="prep-phrase">always</span> move in the sky</p>
<p>~ birds <span class="prep-phrase">always</span> fly</p>
</div>
</div>

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@ -106,10 +106,6 @@
the r in her name turns into an l because i tap my r's, and the ti turns
into si.
</p>
<p>
a person named Elizabeth could be
<span class="sentence">jan Elisape</span>
</p>
</div>
<h2 class="title box-title">exercises</h2>