245 lines
8.3 KiB
HTML
Executable File
245 lines
8.3 KiB
HTML
Executable File
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/stylesheet.css" />
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<title>names (lesson 9)</title>
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<meta
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charset="UTF-8"
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name="viewport"
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content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"
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/>
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<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/tp-favicon.png" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 class="title">
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lesson 9 -
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<span style="vertical-align: -50%" class="title-emphasis">names</span>
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</h1>
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<h2 class="title box-title">navigation</h2>
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<div class="box" style="text-align: center">
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<a class="link" style="float: left" href="8">prev </a>
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<a class="link" href="./"> index </a>
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<a class="link" style="float: right" href="10"> next</a>
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</div>
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<h2 class="title box-title">vocab</h2>
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<div class="box">
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<p>
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mama - parent, ancestor; creator, originator; caretaker, sustainer
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</p>
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<p> ma - earth, land; outdoors, world; country, territory; soil</p>
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<p> nimi - name, word</p>
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<p> lete - cold, cool; uncooked, raw</p>
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<p> seli - fire; cooking element, chemical reaction, heat source</p>
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<p> len - cloth, clothing, fabric, textile; cover, layer of privacy</p>
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</div>
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<h2 class="title box-title">lesson</h2>
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<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ names</h3>
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<div class="box box-top">
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<p>
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in toki pona, proper names are treated as modifiers, with a capitalized
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first letter. this means that you have to pick a word which describes
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what the thing is, and then modify that word with the tokiponized name.
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</p>
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<div class="quote">
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<p class="sentence">jan Lisa</p>
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<p>~ a <i>jan</i> named lisa</p>
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</div>
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<div class="quote">
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<p class="sentence">ma Mewika</p>
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<p>a country named Mewika (the united states)</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ tokiponization</h3>
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<div class="box box-top">
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<p>
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names in toki pona are "tokiponized," which means fitting the name into
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toki pona phonotactics. the general guidelines to tokiponization are the
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following:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>use the local name and pronunciation</li>
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<li>
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syllables consist of a consonant, then a vowel, then an optional
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letter <i>n</i>.
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</li>
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<li>the consonant of the first syllable may be omitted.</li>
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<li><i>wu</i>, <i>wo</i>, <i>ji</i>, and <i>ti</i> are illegal</li>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<i>wu</i> becomes <i>u</i>, <i>wo</i> becomes <i>o</i>,
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<i>ji</i> becomes <i>i</i>, and <i>ti</i> becomes <i>si</i>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li>
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you can't follow up a syllable-final <i>n</i> with an <i>m</i> or
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another <i>n</i>
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</li>
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<li>
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<i>d</i>-><i>t</i>, <i>b</i>-><i>p</i>, <i>v</i>-><i>w</i>,
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<i>f</i>-><i>p</i>, <i>r</i>-><i>w</i>/<i>l</i>/<i>k</i>
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</li>
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<ul>
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<li>english <i>r</i> turns to <i>w</i></li>
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<li>tapped or trilled <i>r</i> becomes <i>l</i></li>
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<li>french/german <i>r</i> turns to <i>k</i></li>
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</ul>
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<li>
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preserving syllable count is more important than preserving consonants
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</li>
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<li>
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if you're tokiponizing your own name - don't be scared to break a rule
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or two if the resulting name makes you happier! it's your name and you
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can do whatever you want with it
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ note about inclusivity</h3>
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<div class="box box-top">
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<p>
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people use lots of different words to describe themselves in toki pona,
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not necessarily just <i>jan</i>, depending on what word(s) they identify
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with more. for example, i use <i>soweli</i> to describe myself!
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</p>
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<p>
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keep this in mind when speaking toki pona! <br />
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for example, since not everyone is a <i>jan</i>, it doesn't make sense
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to translate <i>everyone</i> as <i>jan ale</i>, instead you should
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translate it as just <i>ale</i>.
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</p>
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<p>
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another example: when you're talking about a diverse group of people,
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you can't know for sure if everyone in said group is a <i>jan</i>. in
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this case, perhaps using a more general word like <i>ijo</i> might be
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better, to avoid some feeling excluded.
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</p>
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<p>
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basically - don't use jan if you're not actually sure you're referring
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to a jan!
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="box box-top">
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<p>the above note is a very strong personal opinion.</p>
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<p>
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in practice, many people do still use <i>jan</i> for
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<i>someone</i>/<i>anyone</i>/<i>everyone</i> etc.
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</p>
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</div>
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<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">~ examples</h3>
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<div class="box">
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<div class="quote">
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<p>
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my name, tess, turns into
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<i>soweli Tesa</i>!
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</p>
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<p>
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technically, my name should be <i>Te</i> to preserve syllable count,
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but i wanted to preserve the <i>s</i> in my name, so i broke a rule
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and made it <i>Tesa</i> instead!
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="quote">
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<p>my cat, tiara, is <i>soweli Sijala</i>!</p>
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<p>
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since i am norwegian and tap my <i>r</i>s, the <i>r</i> in tiara's
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name becomes an <i>l</i>, and the <i>ti</i> turns into <i>si</i>.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="quote">
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<p>the english language could be <i>toki Inli</i>.</p>
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<p>
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here, the <i>ng</i> cluster was simplified to <i>n</i>, and the
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syllable count was prioritized, meaning the ending <i>sh</i> was
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removed.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="quote">
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<p>
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the swedish language could be <i>toki Wensa</i>, from swedish
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<i>svenska</i>.
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</p>
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<p>
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the <i>sv</i> cluster gets simplified to just <i>w</i>, and the
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<i>sk</i> cluster gets simplified to <i>s</i>!
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</p>
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<p>
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toki pona tries to use the same tokiponization for both language and
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country name, so the country sweden becomes
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<i>ma Wensa</i>
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 class="title box-title">exercises</h2>
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<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">
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~ translate from toki pona to english
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</h3>
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<div class="box box-top">
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<details>
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<summary>mi sona toki Nosiki</summary>
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<p>i know how to speak a language called Nosiki (norwegian)</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>mi wile tawa ma sina</summary>
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<p>i wanna go to your country</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>mi wile e len mute tan ni · ma Kanata li lete mute</summary>
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<p>
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i need a lot of clothes because the country called Kanata (canada) is
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really cold!
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</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>sona mi pi nimi sina li kama weka lon tenpo poka</summary>
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<p>i forgot your name recently</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>waso Lisa li wile pini e pali ona</summary>
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<p>(a flying animal named) lisa wants to finish working</p>
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</details>
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</div>
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<h3 class="title box-title sub-title">
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~ translate from english to toki pona
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</h3>
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<div class="box box-top">
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<details>
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<summary>tess is teaching faer girlfriend toki pona</summary>
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<p>soweli Tesa li pana e sona pi toki pona tawa waso olin ona</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>this bug flew here from norway</summary>
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<p>pipi ni li tawa ni tan ma Nosiki</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>my dad is stronger than your dad</summary>
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<p>mama mi li wawa mute · mama sina li wawa lili</p>
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>your name is cool</summary>
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<p>nimi sina li pona</p>
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</details>
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</div>
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<h2 class="title box-title">navigation</h2>
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<div class="box" style="text-align: center">
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<a class="link" style="float: left" href="8">prev </a>
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<a class="link" href="./"> index </a>
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<a class="link" style="float: right" href="10"> next</a>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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